what's here
List of Upper Body muscle moves for skating (with no poling).
see also
other muscle groups
compare with other sports
related topics
[ under construction ]
back to Top |
Leg |
d-p moves | Upper Body |-|
Phases : R 0
1 2 3
d-p | more Leg
This page lists the Upper Body muscle moves available to do actual physical work for forward
propulsion in skating:
-
not moves just prepare the configuration of bones and joints so that
other muscles can
do propulsion work.
-
not moves which do some positive work, which is
then cancelled by an equal amount of negative work which is normally
required to be attached to that move.
This list of muscle moves is not the "right" way to skate. Rather it
offers a set of options. Few skaters use all these muscle moves, and I doubt
there is any skater who uses all of them all the time.
The main purpose
of this analysis is to expose skaters and skate instructors to more
choices -- more variety and more freedom. It's up to each skater and
coach to work out which subset of these is best for them in each
situation, and in what "proportion" to emphasize each move in their
chosen subset.
A key puzzle of learning skating technique is how to manage the
complexity of these possibilities. A gifted instructor helps each
learning skater find simplifications that are appropriate for their
current needs and goals.
Why this list matters
see discussion on the
Leg muscle
moves page.
?? There are also 5-7 more muscles with distinct functional
roles in the upper body which available to add forward-propulsion work
in normal skating (without using ski poles to help push):
?? see below
back to Top |
Leg |
d-p moves | Upper Body |-|
Phases : R 0
1 2 3
d-p | more Leg
Muscle moves:
- side-swing of entire arm inward from shoulder, and
- side-swing of entire arm outward from shoulder
- side-swing of forearm inward from elbow joint, and
- side-swing of forearm from elbow joint in outward direction
??[ kinesiology terminology ]
Phases:
Actually each of these is two distinct muscle moves,
one for each arm -- since the swing direction is inward for one arm and
outward for the other, each using different muscles.
[ more to be added ]
Complication: Most up-down moves of the arms are
closely associated with side-swing and forward-backward moves -- and the
inter-relationship cross-impact is strongly dependent on timing and
current body-configuration. For more on how to manage this complexity:
see Coordinating
3 dimensions of Upper Body moves
For the arm-swing moves, we are choosing to focus our analysis mainly on
the side-swing and forward-backward components.
[ more discussion to be added ]
Muscle moves
-
scapula-adduction -- move shoulder backward
relative to spine.
-
scapula-abduction -- shoulder reach forward
relative to spine.
-
?? forward-backward component to arm-swing
??[ add to count for double-push ]
??[ kinesiology terminology ]
Useful mostly only for double-push stroking or some
variations of normal-push. Very little net propulsive benefit for simple
"straight-stroke-path" normal-push
[ more discussion to be added ]
muscle moves
timed for reactive side-force
phases
- for normal-push: in Phase 1 and again in Phase 3.
[ more discussion to be added ]
Complication: Many up-down moves of the torso
also have forward-backward components -- and in typical
propulsive-motion configurations the propulsive-work impact of these two
dimensions is somewhat contradictory. For more on how to manage this
problem:
see Coordinating
3 dimensions of Upper Body moves
muscle moves
-
mid-abdomen-flexion -- flex the upper body forward
at the level of the top of the pelvic girdle, about the level of
upper “points” out on the sides of the pelvic girdle. (This level is
several inches above the level of the hip-flexion move, and several
inches below the level of the upper-abdomen-chest-flexion move)
-
lower-back-extension -- the move of stopping the falling and then
raising the mass of upper body applies beneficial reactive
down-force thru the leg. This move is the opposite of the
mid-abdomen-flexion move. Flex the upper body backward at the
level of the top of the pelvic girdle, about the level of upper
“points” out on the sides of the pelvic girdle. (This level is
several inches above the level of the hip-extension move, and
several inches below the level of the upper-back-extension move)
-
upper-abdomen-chest-flexion -- ("chest crunch") --
flex the upper body forward just under the rib cage.
-
upper-back-extension -- This move is the opposite
of the upper-abdomen-chest-flexion move. The "axis" of motion is
about the same vertical level as the bottom of the rib cage.
-
neck-flexion
-
neck-extension
-
??[ kinesiology terminology ]
phases
- for normal-push: mainly in Phase 3.
[ more discussion to be added ]
Complication: Many forward-backward moves of the
torso also have up-down components -- and in typical propulsive-motion
configurations the propulsive-work impact of these two dimensions is
somewhat contradictory. For more on how to manage this problem:
see Coordinating
3 dimensions of Upper Body moves
muscle moves
??[ kinesiology terminology ]
??[ add to count for double-push ]
Useful mostly only for double-push stroking or some
variations of normal-push. Very little net propulsive benefit for simple
"straight-ground-trace" normal-push
[ more discussion to be added ]
see also
other muscle groups
compare with other sports
related topics
back to Top |
Leg |
d-p moves | Upper Body |-|
Phases : R 0
1 2 3
d-p | more Leg
|
